The United States has officially implemented an additional 10% tariff on goods imported from India. Initiated under the direction of the US Trade Representative (USTR), this action targets 60 countries in a broader crackdown on goods produced using forced labor. The new regulations went into effect this Friday under Section 301 of the US Trade Act of 1974.

How the Tariffs are Structured

The US has applied extra tariffs ranging from 10% to 12.5% across 60 nations:

• The 10% Bracket: Includes 17 countries, such as India, the UK, Canada, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Mexico, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.

• The 12.5% Bracket: Applies to the remaining 43 countries that have not taken sufficient steps to ban forced labor in their supply chains.

Why Did India Get 10% Instead of 12.5%?

Initially, India was slated for the higher 12.5% tariff. However, active diplomatic discussions and swift policy action led to a reduction. On June 14, the Indian government amended its foreign trade policy to improve labor standard monitoring and supply chain transparency. Acknowledging these positive steps toward protecting worker rights, the US granted a 2.5% relief, keeping India in the lower tariff tier.

Which Indian Sectors Will Be Hit Hardest?

As the US is India's largest export market, these extra tariffs will make Indian products more expensive for American buyers, potentially shifting demand to alternative markets. The sectors heavily reliant on US exports include:

• Textiles and Garments

• Gems and Jewelry

• Leather Products

• Agriculture and Food Products

• Engineering Goods

• Chemicals and Manufacturing Items

What is Section 301 and Forced Labor?

• Forced Labor: Defined by the International Labour Organization (ILO) as a severe human rights violation where individuals are made to work against their will through threats, debt bondage, or document confiscation. The US is utilizing import restrictions to force global supply chains to eliminate these practices.

• Section 301 (Trade Act of 1974): This allows the US government to take retaliatory action—such as increased tariffs or import bans—against countries whose trade practices are deemed unfair, discriminatory, or harmful to American commerce.

While the reduced 10% tariff softens the blow for Indian exporters, it serves as a clear signal that the US expects continued and effective enforcement of labor standards and transparent supply chains moving forward.